1 Chronicles 12:34

Authorized King James Version

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And of Naphtali a thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty and seven thousand.

Original Language Analysis

וּמִנַּפְתָּלִ֖י And of Naphtali H5321
וּמִנַּפְתָּלִ֖י And of Naphtali
Strong's: H5321
Word #: 1 of 9
naphtali, a son of jacob, with the tribe descended from him, and its territory
שָׂרִ֣ים captains H8269
שָׂרִ֣ים captains
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 2 of 9
a head person (of any rank or class)
אָֽלֶף׃ a thousand H505
אָֽלֶף׃ a thousand
Strong's: H505
Word #: 3 of 9
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
וְעִמָּהֶם֙ H5973
וְעִמָּהֶם֙
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 4 of 9
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
בְּצִנָּ֣ה and with them with shield H6793
בְּצִנָּ֣ה and with them with shield
Strong's: H6793
Word #: 5 of 9
a (large) shield (as if guarding by prickliness)
וַֽחֲנִ֔ית and spear H2595
וַֽחֲנִ֔ית and spear
Strong's: H2595
Word #: 6 of 9
a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)
שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים thirty H7970
שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים thirty
Strong's: H7970
Word #: 7 of 9
thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth
וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה and seven H7651
וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה and seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 8 of 9
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
אָֽלֶף׃ a thousand H505
אָֽלֶף׃ a thousand
Strong's: H505
Word #: 9 of 9
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Analysis & Commentary

And of Naphtali a thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty and seven thousand—Naphtali's contingent featured unusual leadership density: 1,000 sarim ('commanders') leading 37,000 troops. This suggests a well-organized military structure with approximately 37 men per commander. Their northern location meant they traveled farthest to support David.

Naphtali's tribal blessing spoke of freedom and eloquence (Gen 49:21). Their massive military support for David fulfilled that blessing—free to choose God's anointed despite distance and risk. This northern tribe's commitment demonstrates how David's kingdom united Israel from Dan to Beersheba under God's chosen leader.

Historical Context

Naphtali's territory in Galilee was remote from Hebron in the south, making their journey a significant commitment. Their arrival with substantial forces showed that David's reputation had spread throughout Israel, preparing the way for unified monarchy.

Questions for Reflection